Baphoun files

It is not my intention to rewrite the history of Ngo Dinh Diem, and the power of spirit of the sacrifice of Buddhist monks by self-immolation. What I would like to do here was to present, under Khmer Krom angle, Khmer Krom struggle for freedom, their struggle to preserve their culture, their way of life in Kampuchea Krom and their fight against the forced assimilation of successive Vietnamese government and their unending fight against the Vietnamese political cleansing. It is a Khmer Krom story to liberate their homeland. At that time, it was John F. Kennedy administration. 15,500 US soldiers fought in Vietnam defending Ngo Dinh Diem government. US Vietnam War had just started.

THE UNFORGETTABLE FIRE

Venerable Thich Quang Duc was a Khmer Krom Hero

We still remember the unforgettable fire, the self-immolation of Venerable Thich Quang Duc and nine other Buddhist monks that were immolated and telecasted worldwide. “Thich Quang Duc” was the first Buddhist monk who self-immolated on June 11, 1963, to protest against the violation of human rights of Government Ngo Dinh Diem. Nobody had noted that Thich Quang Duc was in reality a Khmer Krom. The secret was kept so tight and so deep for so long, because it was in our interest, our Khmer interest to present Khmer Krom revolt for freedom as a Vietnamese Buddhist revolt against the abuses of human rights of Ngo Dinh Diem. Thich Quang Duc real name was KIENG KECH from Preah Trapeang. During French colonial era, he traveled back and forth to Cambodia, Laos and Kampuchea Krom to teach the Dhamma Vinaya at Vat Beung Pring and later Vat Bak Kambet Battambang (Cambodia) and at Vat Phu in Vientiane, Laos. He was a close friend of Samdech Sangh Chuon Nath and Samdech Pravanarat Iv Tuot. All these venerable were member of Liberation of Kampuchea Krom Organization. Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech was a leader of the movement of liberation of Cambodia from French colonialism. Because Khmer Krom community had no access to armament and ammunition, Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech and Iv Tuot, from the start, believed that the best strategy was to live with our enemy means, in other words that meant, infiltrate the Vietminh movement and French colonial locale forces. Khmer Krom people were caught between two fighting armies, on one side the North Vietnamese Army and on the other the French army, then the US army and the South Vietnamese army.

For the survival, Khmer Krom had to cooperate first with the power that can assure the security of their village. Practically, they were obliged to cooperate with all sides locally. But we must never ever forget who we are? We should never forget our national interest? Are we free? Or are we merely a valet of North Vietnam? Are we an independent people? Or are we merely a valet of the South Vietnam? We must draw the line. We have to know exactly who we are in order to fight for our freedom. Khmer Krom leadership had succeeded in creating a symbiotic armed force with the Vietminh. During Ngo Dinh Diem era, there were in all almost 100,000 Khmer Krom Vietminh spread all over Kampuchea Krom while 50,000 North Vietnamese regular soldiers fought in South Vietnam. Simply put, those 100,000 Khmer Krom Vietminh were the reserve forces of the 50,000 regular North Vietnamese army. These Khmer Krom Vietminh were our Khmer Krom armed forced infiltrated in the Vietminh organized by Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech and Iv Tuot, the forefront runner of Khmer Krom leadership. But among Khmer Krom leadership appeared a political fissure. One faction led by Thap Gning preferred a full collaboration with North Vietnam that would become later an infeodation while Venerable Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech, Iv Tuot and Chuon Nath opted for a fully independent nationalist armed force. Thap Gning would appoint Pol Pot to be the commander of an armed force of 3,000 Khmer Vietminh later. This appointment would lead Pol Pot later to the position of eminence in Khmer Rouge organization. Thap Gning in order to destroy the nationalist wing of Khmer Krom liberation movement leaked to the colonial French administration the names of Khmer Krom leaders of Liberation movement. He secretly denounced Venerable Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech and Iv Tuot. French colonial administration hunted venerable Kieng Kech and Iv Tuot. Iv Tuot was jailed and tortured. One year later, Iv Tuot escaped from prison and changed the identity. Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech fled to Vientiane, Laos, then Hanoi. Ngo Dinh Diem, a member of an influential Roman Catholic family, was president of South Vietnam (1955–63). Some pundits, if not the majority, were of the opinion:

Ngo Dinh Diem’s rule was authoritarian, corrupt and repressive and soon alienated the people, exemplified by the imprisonment and execution of hundreds of Buddhists. Diem was insensitive to the majority population of Buddhists and he routinely denied government positions to non-Catholics. He also favored his immediate family. His brother Ngo Dinh Nhu was head of the National Police; another brother, Ngo Dinh Can, effectively exercised one-man rule in central Vietnam; yet another brother, Ngo Dinh Thuc, was archbishop of Saigon. Nhu’s secret police acted like gangsters, and Nhu himself was known to profit from the traffic in drugs and prostitution. >>>>>>> Yes, Ngo Dinh Diem was authoritarian. But he knew very well that if he turned Vietnamese Buddhists into his worse enemy his regime would collapse inevitably because the majority of Vietnamese people were Buddhist. He was not so blind to not recognize the importance of the Vietnamese Buddhist forces. He was not insensitive to the majority of Vietnamese Buddhists as it was said. He did not deny government position to Vietnamese Buddhists. But Ngo Dinh Diem denied to Khmer Krom the high-ranking position of his administration and his Vietnamese Army. Ngo Dinh Diem closed indefinitely Khmer Vat (Buddhist temple), our Khmer cultural center. He banned Cambodia schools. He prohibited Cambodian teaching language. He vietnamized Khmer first names. For example, Khmer first name KIENG has to be changed into THACH. No Khmer Krom held the position of Office Director in Ngo Dinh Diem administration. No Khmer Krom held the grade superior to captain in Vietnamese army. That was always the policy of every Vietnamese administration up until today. Khmer Krom was the bottom class citizen on the land of their ancestor. Vietnamese government created laws in such way that Khmer cannot live on their land. They used legal system to grab Khmer lands. Finally Khmer Krom had to flee to Cambodia. When Ngo Dinh Diem forbade Khmer Buddhist culture by closing Khmer temples and Khmer schools, then, started Khmer Krom revolt. From the start, Khmer Krom leadership decided to present their struggle for freedom under the freedom of religion for all Vietnamese people. Khmer Krom must unify Vietnamese people under the same struggle for the freedom of belief. For this reason, Buddhists Vietnamese had made the following requests to Ngo Dinh Diem regime, asking it to: Lift its ban on flying the traditional Buddhist flag;

Grant Buddhism the same rights as Catholicism;
Stop detaining Buddhists;

Give Buddhist monks and nuns the right to practice and spread their religion; and Pay fair compensations to the victim’s families and punish those responsible for their deaths.

When these requests were not addressed by the Ngo Dinh Diem regime, Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech carried out his self-immolation. To succeed, Khmer Krom leaders asked Buddhist monks to lead the protestation in the streets hoping to avoid the blood bath. But Ngo Dinh Diem reacted brutally. Police Ngo Dinh Diem fired on the crowd. It was Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech friends, Thach Nev, Thach Kim who led the procession. When Venerable Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech was self-immolated, Venerable Thach Nev and Thach Kim were standing near by him. Those Khmer Krom demonstrators in the streets spoke fluently Vietnamese. Therefore, American journalists and western journalists could not make distinction Khmer Krom from Vietnamese. Samdech Sangh Chuon Nath and Iv Tuot sent money ($20,000, it was a big sum at that time), food and political cadres to help organize the revolt. One thousand political and military cadres including a battalion of Kangseign Sar under the command of Thach Sarang, Thach Sal, Thach Sary and Chau Dara came from Battambang infiltrated into Kampuchea Krom to lead the revolt. They were in the streets among the demonstrators. Ngo Dinh Diem police fired in the compact crowd in the streets. Khmer Krom had no arm, no rifle. They came just to reclaim their rights by using the legal means. Seven hundred were instantaneously slaughtered on the streets. Thach Nev and Thach Kim, two closed friends of Thich Quang Duc/Kieng Kech were killed that day in the streets. With bare hand and by using the dead bodies as shield, they fought the police and neutralized the police and get hand on their arms. Then, Ngo Dinh Diem government sent their armored fighting vehicles to crush the revolt. With the rifles they got from the police and rifle Garand M1 infiltrated by the special force Kanseign Sar and since they were sharp shooter, Khmer Krom killed one by one the armored fighting vehicle commanders, especially the tank commanders.

The Vietnamese Police and the Army commanders fled. They abandoned their armored fighting vehicles. The Police, the Vietnamese Army and the Vietnamese administration collapsed. All the streets and all the towns of Kampuchea Krom belonged now to Khmer Krom. Khmer Krom had liberated Kampuchea Krom in 1963. But the unknown was the political decision of John F. Kennedy administration regarding the Buddhist Vietnamese revolt. Did the J. F Kennedy agree to let Kampuchea Krom go free? Or J. F. Kennedy tried a damage control to lead Vietnam toward a more favorable ending? That year, JFK started a difficult second mi-term of his presidency. It was John F. Kennedy administration which blocked the independence of Kampuchea Krom. The South Vietnamese officials convinced the American that the Buddhist revolt was an uprising organized by the communist North Vietnamese. After the defeat of South Vietnamese police and South Vietnamese army, the American officials asked to negotiate with Khmer Krom leaders. One platoon of US special forces worn only boxer short without arm advanced toward Khmer Krom leaders and asked to negotiate. The US asked Khmer Krom to present their claims. Khmer Krom leaders asked the removal of Ngo Dinh Diem and the full respect of freedom rights and accomplishment of their claims and the creation of MY FORCE, my own armed force, the armed force that belonged to Khmer Krom. This would lead later on to the creation of MIKE FORCE. Finally, the US agreed to satisfy all Khmer Krom demands, namely the freedom of belief, the right to practice and spread the Buddhism, the preservation of Khmer culture and Khmer way of life, the equality of right in Vietnamese administration and Vietnamese Army. The US promised the creation of a new Army where Khmer Krom and Vietnamese have equal right, equal pay for the same grade and equal access to the same rank and command based only on the meritocracy.

Later the US would create the special forces, the MIKE FORCE. The US promised a generous budget to rebuild and develop Khmer Vat and Khmer education. Khmer Krom believed in the US. They believed in the US generosity and American loyalty to rebuild Khmer Krom strength to liberate Kampuchea Krom. Believing firmly in the loyalty of the US government, Khmer Krom would engage massively in the Mike Force. The fighting forces in Vietnam who fought valiantly and tenaciously against the communism and the fighting forces who were loyal to the US were Khmer Krom forces. The other South Vietnamese armed forced chose the middle way. They were virtually allied to the communists and avoided to fight the communists. They were paid by the US budget but were virtually allied to communists, the same way as the two-third of Lon Nol Army. Two-third of Lon Nol army did not fight the communism and they secretly rallied to King Sihanouk.

CONCLUSION

Chau Dara told me that Kampuchea Krom might be free in 1963. That meant if we want, we would defeat the Kennedy administration. That meant President J. F. Kennedy would lose his face. That meant American arms were defeated. This would have grave consequences for Cambodia and the world. In 1963, if we free Kampuchea Krom, Kampuchea Krom would not be free for so long because the North Vietnam would take over the South Vietnam anyway, and we would end up in the today situation. But if we free Kampuchea Krom in 1963, the enormous and important difference between the 1963 situation and the 2004 situation was that we have 100,000 armed forces Khmer Krom Vietminh who were our own Khmer army capable to defend our country, our freedom and our independence. In 2004, we have no army. In 2004 we have nothing. I mean no army capable to defend Cambodia freedom and independence. The communist had destroyed our army. Without our own army capable to defend law and freedom we became slaves in our motherland. Million of Khmer Krom were slaughtered by the communists in Vietnam. King Sihanouk knew also this story. Source:

Chau Dara Baphuon

In his last interview with the Radio Free Asia, on January 2004, Ranariddh revealed that HUN SEN told him that the conditions imposed by the AD for the formation of a government of coalition CPP with AD were too high? Ranariddh did not specify it namely.

The AD had imposed to the CPP as condition for the formation of a coalition government the abolition of all treaties signed on 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 by Heng Samrin, Pham Van Dong and other officials. These treaties stipulated that Cambodia would cede one-third of Cambodia territory to Vietnam. All these treaties were signed while the Vietnamese army occupied Cambodia.

It was crystal clear that the condition of abolition of all these treaties of 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 with Vietnam was too difficult for HUN SEN to achieve. HUN SEN cannot deliver. The only way he can do was a diversion approach. HUN SEN/CPP would not discuss publicly about the abolition of these treaties. He would present his solution under another angle: the sharing power. He agrees to share power with FUNCIPEC by creating 200 new positions to FUNCIPEC officials as a solution to the current political deadlock.

If the AD holds firm her position, this would push HUN SEN/CPP to choose. Take it or leave it. Either HUN SEN/CPP agrees to abolish of all those 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 Treaties with Vietnam or HUN SEN/CPP refuses to do it.

The AD should stick to the abolition condition, the other conditions were secondary. Because when HUN SEN/CPP ceded on the abolition of these treaties, HUN SEN/CPP would certainly accommodate on other conditions.

But the universal history taught us that a puppet government does always what his master asked him to do. All communist party in the central Europe and Western Europe can free themselves from their master USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) only when the USSR imploded, then ceased to exist. So, the CPP should free themselves first from the Vietnamese communist party Lao Dong. Until now the CPP was just a stool of the Lao Dong Party.

His Vietnamese master would never let HUN SEN cancel those treaties, and his Vietnamese master would dismiss him or assassinate him in the style of communist parties liquidation of all their dissidents. Just look at what the Soviet leaders had done to Czech, Pole, Magyar or French communist dissident leaders who fought valiantly for freedom. They used the Tribunal, the public process, monkey tribunal to kill in cold blood their dissidents.

Vietnamese tortured Cambodian officials to oblige them to sign all the shameful treaties with Vietnam?

In 1982, Vietnamese officials of Foreign Affairs Ministry invited their Cambodian colleagues to a casual banquet on a boat anchored in the Gulf of Siam in front of Kep (Kampot Province) five miles away from the beach. Once on the boat, the Cambodian guests became prisoners of Vietnamese hosts. The Vietnamese hosts did not give water to the two dozens Cambodian guests. No food neither. After six hours under a burning sun, the Vietnamese hosts ordered Cambodian official guests to sign a treaty that ceded a part of Cambodian maritime water to Vietnam. Under Vietnamese torture, the Cambodian officials finally signed the document. They signed everything the Vietnamese submitted to them. It was always under torture and threat, that the Vietnamese got Cambodian officials sign all kind of documents. The Minister on that boat was Dith Monty, now Constitutional Council member. (Source: KP interview)

In the same way, the Vietnamese obliged Cambodia officials under extreme pressure to sign the shameful treaties of 1979. Pen Sovann was the then chief of delegation of almost two hundred officials, the crème of Cambodia administration at that time, to sign that shameful 1979 treaty in Phnom Penh. The Cambodian delegates did not know the agenda. They arrived at the meeting with empty hands. They did not see the Treaty text before the meeting. They learned the agenda only when they arrived at the meeting. But the Vietnamese had a plan. As usual it was a Vietnamese macabre tricky plan.

The Vietnamese diktat principal points were: (1) the suppression of Buddhist Vat, (2) the transformation of the education, the culture - the Apsara dancers should wear Vietnamese pants instead of traditional Sampot – (3) the authorization of 200,000 Vietnamese soldiers families who came to Cambodia to fight the Khmer Rouge to immigrate to Cambodia, that meant authorize more than one million of Vietnamese to immigrate to Cambodia and (4) the Cambodia government should distribute land to those million Vietnamese soldiers and assure food supplies for these soldiers families – in clear Cambodia should pay the Vietnamese soldier salaries in order to implement their Vietnamese policy of swallowing Cambodia -- and (5) Cambodia should paid war damages to Vietnam, that means, all machineries, power plants, all material, gold, silver, cars, tractors, trucks, wood, precious stones, even electric poles that lighted Cambodian streets should be transported to Vietnam.

The Vietnamese submitted to the discussion the proposals that were against Cambodian national interests. They knew pertinently that the Cambodian would react. They provoked the reaction of Cambodian officials. Their objective was to unmask the two hundred Cambodia officials.

The Vietnamese leaders would like to know who were courageous to oppose to the Vietnamese policy of swallowing of Cambodia.

As expected Cambodia leaders reacted openly to the Vietnamese policy of subduing Cambodia. Pen Sovann led the resistance but tried to avoid the confrontation by accepting some parts of the treaty and amended some or opposed to some, the ones which were in flagrant violation of Cambodia sovereignty.

Ros Samay and Chansi did not get along together, but they both supported Pen Sovann. The commander of armed forces and Narin, a journalist, sided also with Pen Sovann.

The Vietnamese agreed with some minuscule amendments but maintained the important clauses of colonization. At the end of the meeting, the Vietnamese knew exactly who is who.

One month later, the Vietnamese organized a workshop in Hanoi. They invited all Cambodian co-signatory of the 1979 treaty to Hanoi. They were 153 in all.

The commander of Armed forces felt a deadly trick. He refused to go to Hanoi under the pretext that he was so sick. Then he advised his colleagues to avoid that trip to Hanoi. Nobody would listen to him. They took the easy way. They thought that the Vietnamese leaders were nice and they can trust them.

The 152 delegates who had signed the Treaty 1979, were sent to Hanoi by Ho Chi Minh trails. During the trip, the convoy stopped in the forest to rest. One delegate went to the tree to pee. When he returned, he saw the 151 delegates were all crushed dead. They were all slaughtered by the Vietnamese soldiers, by machine guns. The Vietnamese leaders acted like the Mafia boss. They eliminated all the witnesses. They erased all trace of resistance.

At the same time, the Vietnamese leaders ordered HUN SEN to arrest Pen Sovann, the then Prime Minister.

In 1979, HUN SEN was the platoon leader of bodyguards assuring the security of HENG SAMRIN. Since he worked so long under the Khmer Rouge Bopea leadership, the Vietnamese appointed him as head of the Phnom Penh Jail, the current jail where was imprisoned TA MOK.

HUN SEN was also the assassin of SO PHIM, the Bopea commander on order of HENG SAMRIN and CHEA SIM. The Khmer Rouge had killed some of HUN SEN relatives. HUN SEN was afraid for his life, then fled to Vietnam.

As jailer, HUN SEN acted by vengeance, assassinated all Khmer Rouge leaders sent to his jail. He became so famous and trustworthy for the Vietnamese to the degree that the Vietnamese appointed him to arrest Pen Sovann.

Vuth, the Vietnamese tanks squadron commander and Siv, Prum Matoan Kamrith Kpos (Judiciary Police) were there too to back up HUN SEN to arrest Pen Sovann. Vuth and Siv had slaughtered directly at least five thousand people in the past. Siv was the one who arrested Norodom Sirivuth when he was Foreign Affair Minister in 1997, kicked savagely Sirivuth and threw him in the back car.

HUN SEN had no knowledge in military commandment. His knowledge in military was just a squad leader. Compared to Mol Roeurp and Tea Banh, HUN SEN military knowledge was nothing. But he killed high ranking leaders and ordinary people very well. His job was: a jailer, a platoon leader of bodyguards who had never fought a real battle in his life, then Foreign Minister and Prime Minister. All this is to say that he owed so much to his Vietnamese master to become what he is right now.

Pen Sovann was arrested by HUN SEN, then, was sent to Hanoi jail. Sixty Pen Sovann bodyguards tried to resist and fled from Phnom Penh. But they were all arrested immediately and were all eliminated.

A few days after the arrest of Pen Sovann, the armed forces commander fled to Thailand. In Thai refugee camp he met the only survivor of the 152 delegates co-signatory of the 1979 treaties sent to Hanoi. Narin, the other delegate fled to Thailand also.

These three people who dared to refuse to sign the 1979 treaty lived right now in the US.
(Source: Chau Dara interview)

HUN SEN would ask the AD to drop the abolition condition

If HUN SEN/CPP does not want to abolish all 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985 treaties, that proved implicitly and unequivocally that HUN SEN/CPP was a Vietnamese puppet government.

Therefore the only exit criteria for HUN SEN to break the current political stalemate would be to force the AD to drop the abolition of these 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 treaties with Vietnam.

The proposition submitted by HUN SEN to Ranariddh to share power with FUNCIPEC by appointing 200 FUNCIPEC officials to important positions, that is, 185 as district deputy chiefs, 24 as province or municipality deputy governors, and some 20 as Cabinet members (ministers or state secretaries) is nothing regarding to the condition of Cambodia territorial integrity. For this reason,

HUN SEN should answer clearly and publicly YES or NO to the question: Did HUN SEN/CPP agree to abolish the 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 treaties with Vietnam?

The abolition of all treaties of 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 with Vietnam commands everything. The sharing power is less important that the abolition of these treaties.

Sure, Cambodia did not recognize these treaties shameful 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 treaties because they were signed when the Vietnamese army occupied Cambodia. Therefore, these treaties are illegal.

Cambodia prefers to have more than one proof to defend her territorial integrity. If Cambodia goes one day to the international court or to any court in the world to defend Cambodia territorial integrity, Cambodia prefers to have more than one proof. For this reason, for the interest of Cambodia, the CPP should declare caduceus those treaties 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985 signed by the CPP with Vietnam. This constitutes one proof.

To have another proof to support the territorial integrity of Cambodia, because they were entitled as co-signatory of Paris Peace agreement 1991, Khmer Rouge and Son Sann Party, should declare solemnly non valid these quoted treaties.

For an academic discussion, suppose for a moment that the Alliance of Democrats capitulates, that is, the AD drops the condition of abolition of all treaties 1979, 1982, 1985 with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

We should ask the following question: What difference between the actual HUN SEN caretaker government and a HUN SEN government WITH/OUT AD?

If the AD dropped the condition of Cambodia territorial integrity, this means that the AD has no gut to oppose to HUN SEN. If HUN SEN/CPP put the maximum pressure on the AD and the king, even if HUN SEN rattles his saber, HUN SEN/CPP would get whatever he wants.

The current HUN SEN caretaker government was no different from the 1998 HUN SEN government. HUN/CPP government had governed Cambodia for more than twenty-five years already, nothing had changed, it was always the same decadence totalitarian regime that ruled Cambodia. This is a convincing proof that HUN SEN government was incapable, inefficient and incompetent. He should resign.

The concept of coalition of CPP with AD has a meaning only if the AD and the CPP agree to share the financial resources to build the country. Suppose for example that there is $100 million to rebuild Cambodia. The coalition government would split the budget accordingly to the rule 60% and 40%. The CPP would get $60 million and the AD $40 million. Then a friendly competition between AD and CPP would be on the results, on what they can produce from those respective budget of $60 million and $40 million.

If with the $60 million the CPP got nothing while the AD, with $40 million, build dams and irrigation network or vice versa, then Cambodia people would judge AD and CPP accordingly to those concrete results.

It would be the same to rebuild the security forces. If the AD with 40% of budget was able to set up an efficient security force to assure law and order, the AD would be awarded by Cambodia people. If the AD failed and the CPP succeeded, the AD would be certainly condemned by the people. Cambodia people would know who is corrupted, who violates the law, who is competent.

As democrats, our duty was to propose choices, a variety of choices to our people. Politic is after all choices. Give a variety of choices of political leaders and a variety of political options to our people were the prime character of a strong nation.

If the coalition AD with CPP failed other political leaders, younger and more daring would challenge the old leadership. It is the hope of Cambodia people.

Politic is the art of the possible, said an adage. But I prefer the quotation of Vaclav Havel, the playwright author, dissident, and Czech President who said, Politic is the pursuit of the impossible.

Baphuon.

IF THE VIETNAMESE ARMY DID NOT INVADE CAMBODIA, KHMER PEOPLE WOULD TOPPLE KHMER ROUGE REGIME ANYWAY.

If the Vietnamese Army did not invade Cambodia on December 25, 1978, the KHAEK KHMAO would topple Khmer Rouge regime right away. Ten thousand of KHAEK KHMAO, were implanted inside the Khmer Rouge from the start, hidden under the Khmer-Vietminh organization, then, kept adapting their tactic, were ready to kick out the Khmer Rouge regime.

TA KHLÈNG, one of KHAEK KHMAO leaders, a KR top leader of Damban 3, was executed in Pursat by the KR, in 1978. He was revealed by his act of rebellion in saving hundred cadre members. He fell in KR trap. He was invited to a leadership meeting. He was executed at his arrival for the meeting.

The Vietnamese Army had stolen Khmer people uprising victory.

Cambodia people didn't need the Vietnamese Army to fell the genocidal KR regime.

Simply stated, the collapse of Khmer Rouge regime was caused 25% by the Vietnamese Army attack and 75% by the violence of Khmer people. Khmer people had waited for some movement big enough to start the revolt, then they would uprise and kill one by one all KR cadres they might put hand on.

By this way they executed all Khmer Rouge cadres and soldiers who were in transit in their villages in small group. A group of less than five were all slain. So, the only KR cadres remaining alive were either in Pailin or surrendered to Vietnamese, in Hun Sen administration. Khmer people violence had eliminated all the remaining KR.

All the Khmer Rouge cadres who surrendered to the Vietnamese and appointed by the Vietnamese as high-ranking in the Royal Government of Cambodia up until today, were always people responsible of slaughtering several thousand and hundred and hundred innocent people.

The Vietminh enforced “Divide and rule” policy to rule Kampuchea Krom and now on Cambodia. The Vietnamese appointed those former KR as governor of province, district and police chiefs to squeeze Khmer people.

Some who were responsible of liquidation of half million people, and some of thirty-thousand people are still alive, very rich and untouchable because they are all Hun Sen’ s government.

The KR were defeated and withdrew to Pailin but still remained very dangerous. While the KR were very busy in fighting Vietnam army, Khmer people profited of the occasion to fled to the liberated zone. The KR considered those Khmer people as traitors. To punish those people, they burned to the ground all rice fields and all warehouses full of rice.

Chau Dara led a battalion of KHAEK KHMAO to attack the KR to salvage the rice. He succeeded to give to each family 30 Kilograms (two Tao) of rice per family. But there were five hundred thousand people to feed. The situation was catastrophic and people began to starve. In two months, if we don’t receive some more aids, Cambodian people will starve to death.

So Chau Dara decided to contact the international humanitarian organizations in Thailand.

His objective was two folds: 1) Humanitarian Objective: Create the refugee camps at Khmer-Thai border in Khmer territory to feed the five hundred thousand Khmer people and 2) Save Khmer fighting forces. If Khmer Army were destroyed by our enemy, Cambodia would be never free again. Without her fighting forces, Cambodia would lose her freedom, her cultural identity, her way of life and her soul.

The international community was so moved by the suffering of Khmer people. Genocide was a déjà vu.

There was a political and leadership vacuum; there were no Khmer organization which can speak on behalf of Khmer people. We needed some well internationally recognized names. Unfortunately, Cambodia would fall in that international trap again and again.

The international community would appoint those “known names leaders” to lead Cambodia, who were in reality incompetent and ignorant in political savviness. By their ignorance and incompetence those “well known names” did so wrong to Cambodia destiny.

Chalana KHAEK KHMAO (Black Crow Movement)

Freedom is not free. Freedom is a fragile thing and is never more than one generation away from extinction. It is not ours by inheritance; it must be fought for and defended constantly by each generation, for it comes only once to a people. Those who have known freedom, and then lost it, have never known it again, said President Ronald Reagan.

As I had said in my precedent article that, in 1946, Chuon Nath, IV Tuot, Moha Phim, Lok Ta Suth, Lok Ta Sok, Lok Krou Kim Thay, and Lok Krou Thach Heang (alias, Tran Vinh Vien) formed the Khmer Movement of Liberation of Kampuchea Krom (Chalana Romdah Kampuchea Krom) and her armed branch, KANSEIGN SAR. In order to liberate Kampuchea Krom, we had to fight by ourselves. If we ask the Vietnamese to liberate Cambodia at our place, the Vietnamese would enslave Cambodia forever.

First, Khmer Krom leaders accepted to cooperate with the Vietminh because they would like to learn how to organize the armed struggle from the Vietminh and how to fight the guerilla warfare.

Chuon Nath and his colleagues were influenced by the Vietminh guerilla warfare school of thought. Chuon Nath objective was the control of the population. The key was of course security for people in the villages. The population security meant not only protecting the people from enemy main force, local, and guerilla elements, but also ridding them of the coercion exerted by the enemy’s covert shadow administration. It meant also the trouble that nobody can see, and nobody can hear – just going around collecting taxes, quietly snatching somebody and taking him off and shooting him son on.

Lok Ta Suth was convinced that the Communist Vietnam would use Khmer as a tool only to kick French out of Indochina and would destroy Khmer organization after France’s defeat. Vietnam would never leave Cambodia on her own free will. In order to free Cambodia, we needed an independent movement from North Vietnam. Hence, he advocated the breakup of alliance with North Vietnam.

Six months later, Lok Ta Suth disappeared without trace.

Chalana Romdah Kampuchea Krom needed information from inside the Vietminh organization.

So, On November 21, 1957, Chuon Nath, General Lon Nol and IV Tuot decided to create the armed force of Chalana Romdah Kampuchea Krom. That armed force would be divided in two organizations, the head and the tail. KANSEIGN SAR, the head, would be completely separated from the Vietminh while KHAEK KHMAO, the tail (of the armed force) would be implanted among the Khmer Vietminh (Khmer Pro-North Vietnam).

It was IV Tuot, a former Khmer Issarak leader who named the Chalana as Black Crow, to differentiate but still similar to US Armed forces Black Eagle symbol.

KHAEK KHMAO’ s uniform was the black pajama and a Kramar (Scarf), the same one worn by Samdech Sihanouk during his stay in the marquis in 1972. KHAEK KHMAO were among Prince Sihanouk bodyguards.

KANSEIGN SAR clashed with North Vietnamese (NVN) forces in Mundolkiri, Ratanakiri and Stung Treng. They always defeated NVN battalion. They captured NVN soldiers and gave them to Cambodian authorities.

Prince Sihanouk ordered Cambodian authorities to release all those NVN prisoners the same day they got them. He accused that KANSEIGN SAR is a state in the state.

Samdech Sangh Chuon Nath, Lon Nol and Samdech Pravanarat IV Tuot tried several times for several years to convince Prince Sihanouk to reinforce the army and to recognize KANSEIGN SAR as a popular force to defend Cambodia independence.

Sihanouk never trusted Khmer army, in spite of the fact that the corps officers adored him very much. He preferred the military alliance with the North Vietnam to achieve his goal.

Sihanouk fought beck and nails all tentative that contradicted his cooperation policy with North Vietnam. He ordered KOU Roun, his Minister of Police to assassinate KANSEIGN SAR leadership.

Preap IN, KANSEIGN SAR Executive Director in charge of Political Affair, Chau Bory, KANSEIGN SAR Secretary General, Mathura (Thach Tien), KANSEIGN SAR in charge of information & propaganda and SAO Ngoy were executed publicly with fanfare and their execution movie were shown in all theaters in Cambodia and twenty other KANSEIGN SAR leaders were slain in secret by KOU Roun police.

If Lon Nol wanted to assassinate Prince Sihanouk, in 1972 to 1975, he can do it easily. Because the Prince and his wife bathed in Sras Srang near Banteay Srey. KHAEK KHMAO agents had Prince Sihanouk and his wife in their crosshair everyday. Lon Nol had never thought of assassinating the Prince. He never ordered the kill.

It was another story for Prince Sihanouk loyal North Vietnamese friends. Pham Van Dong, Le Duan and Le Duc Tho were cold blood assassins. The North Vietnamese Politburo had ordered a team of special force to assassinate Prince Sihanouk the weeks before the invasion of Cambodia by the North Vietnamese Army.

On the order of Ieng Sary, a team of KR special force sneaked to Phnom Penh to extract Prince Sihanouk and brought him to Phnom Malay, then out of Cambodia. The North Vietnamese assassin team of twelve agents pursuit him until Thai border. This explained also why King Sihanouk pardoned easily Ieng Sary for his crime of genocide.

The Vietnamese guide who led the assassin team to Phnom Penh escaped later to Thailand and surrendered to American authority. Now that “Vietnamese guide” lived in the US.

The twelve Vietnamese assassins of that failed project lived very well right now in Phnom Penh.

The Cambodian truck driver, his real profession, who guided the Vietnamese special force assassins to Phnom Penh to kill Prince Sihanouk was up to today appointed by Hun Sen as Brigade general. He was a rich man living in Phnom Penh.

PRACHEA YUTHKAR (Popular Forces)

In 1972, Mike Mansfield, Democrat, Chair of Foreign Affair committee of the Senate, went to Phnom Penh to announce to Lon Nol that the US would withdraw its armed forces from Vietnam. So Cambodia should be prepared for the US disengagement.

Chau Dara was there to hear Mike Mansfield. Lon Nol felt that without the US aids Cambodia would lose the war to the communism. His objective was to save Khmer Army at all cost. If we can save our army we can fight another day to save our country. If our army were destroyed, Cambodia would be enslaved forever.

Hence, he decided to create Prachea Yuthkar, the popular force that would defend and be for, of and from the people, like Mao Ze Dong said, the fish in the water. Lon Nol appointed Chau Dara to be the founding father of Prachea Yuthkar additionally to his task of KANSEIGN SAR commander.

Mike Mansfield promised $131 million to equip and train that new popular force. Chau Dara had the support of the ministers Keam Reth & Hang Thun Hak and generals, Srey Saman, Hou Hang Sin, Chhim Chhuon, Ky Hak, Srey Meas, Srey Ya, Ea Chhong etc. They would build together a new fighting force to fight the communism. They would never surrender to the communist.

Chau Dara went to Thailand to negotiate with Thai Army to create on Thai border in Khmer territory a save-haven for Khmer Army in case of Phnom Penh fallen to the communist. At that time, he met Thai colonels, Praseut, Kiti, and Prachak and captains, Yuvanat and Suphut of Thai special force Seur Dam (Black Tiger).

IN Tam and CHHEAM Vam opposed to Chau Dara nomination as commander of Prachea Yuthakar because IN Tam wanted that job for himself. He had almost won the presidential election against Lon Nol in 1972. IN Tam was at the time Prime Minister.

General Srey Saman told IN Tam: <<We need someone additionally to his high knowledge of military affairs and military leadership, very popular; someone who know how to build the people power. You are Prime Minister. You cannot cumulate the two jobs, Prime Minister and Founding father of Prachea Yuthakar. >>

General Srey Saman hoped that IN Tam would prefer his job of Prime Minister more than the commander of Prachea Yuthakar.

IN Tam and his political allies put Lon Nol under increasing pressure. Finally, Lon Nol ceded, then, IN Tam got the job. IN Tam agreed to resign from the Prime Minister.

Kieng Mang, Kieng Reach and Kieng Koeung, all battalion commanders of Khmer Krom Mike forces, famous for their victories in Prey Totung and Kompong Cham, were convinced that IN Tam was an incompetent military commander. They opposed to IN Tam nomination.

Mike Mansfield trusted Mike force commanders. Finally, Mike Mansfield withdrew his support of creating a new fighting force.

But, IN Tam, stubbornly, created the Prachea Yuthkar anyway, even without the US funding. He failed miserably. When the KR took power, seven thousand IN Tam Prachea Yuthkar troopers were abandoned by their commander, and finally were all slaughtered by the KR the month after IN Tam fled to Thailand.

In the meantime, Chau Dara told his Khmer Krom people to joint KHAEK KHMAO.

In case of the eventual collapse of Lon Nol regime, Free Cambodia would dispose of KHAEK KHMAO, which would be the core of our resurrected national army to defend Cambodia independence and freedom.

Khieu Samphan had purged the KHAEK KHMAO accusing the KHAEK KHMAO as YOUN agents. He slaughtered KHAEK KHMAO members as much as possible. KHAEK KHMAO fought back and survived. The survived the onslaught Vietnam invasion. They sill survived until today.

KANSEIGN SAR and KHAEK KHMAO were never defeated as such a fighting force by the North Vietnamese (NVN) army even against the best NVN battalion in the battlefield.

But KANSEIGN SAR and KHAEK KHMAO were defeated on the political front. During Lon Nol era, the old guard politicians manipulated the laws. Those old guards promulgated law to split KANSEIGN SAR in such a way that the divided KANSEIG SAR cannot regroup together.

In February 1979, following the collapse of KR, all the refugee camps at Thai border were created by KANSEIGN SAR leaders with sweat, tear and blood. But Son Sann and their generals with the connivance of Thai officers and their slandering policy succeeded to take over all the camps.

All American advisers, Thumb George, Duck, Robert Hersh, Mc Brown responsible of US aids to the refugees, and French official, Madame Baudry and Père Venet advised Chau Dara to fight back.

Because Khmer people had suffered for so long, Chau Dara had sworn before all Khmer Heroes soul and Almighty God that protected Cambodia that he would not raise his hand to fight other Cambodian again, he decided to walk away, leaving Dien Del and their henchmen take over all the refugee camps. .

General Dien Del Navy and Lao Chhin would pay Thai soldier 100,000 Bath to assassin Chau Dara.

Duck, the American officer, told Chau Dara: You have nothing to do right now. Go to the States. Vietnam is swallowing Cambodia. If you are lucky, you can return back in twenty years to fight for Cambodia freedom again.

What we need the most right now was the political leadership, competent and loyal to Khmer ideal. We need political leaders with vision. Because a bad political leader is much more lethal than a general. He might hurt so severely and so devastatingly our motherland.

Background

On September 28, 2003, that was exactly sixty-two days after the election, the Third National Assembly started her first meeting session. By this act, according to the Article 72 [Term, Reelection] of the constitution, the Second Assembly had ended her mandate, thereby, the Third National Assembly started to be born. But the III Assembly was not yet fully born, because of the lack of her power structure. To be fully born, the III Assembly had to elect her President, her two Vice-presidents and her nine Chairpersons and Commission members by a two-third majority vote.

If the III Assembly was not fully born, the III Assembly cannot be dissolved as suggested by HUN SEN partisans. Since the Second Assembly had terminated her mandate, Hun Sen government that was elected by the Second Assembly was then no more legal. Hun Sen government was just a caretaker government.

The absence of the deal relative to the election of the National Assembly power structure trickled the stalemate. When the III Assembly was not fully established, the government became illegal. It resulted that the actual Hun Sen government was only a caretaker government and had no right to engage the responsibility of Cambodia. The actual Hun Sen government had no right to speak on behalf of Cambodia, no right to borrow money from international financial institution. Therefore Hun Sen government had no money to pay his plethoric police and army. By the way, he did not pay the teachers and nurses for more than six months already.

Since July 27, 2003, Hun Sen government was ostracized by the international community. He can participate in International conference where Cambodia was a state member such as ASEAN as observer but not as a full member. He had not right to vote in international conference.

The CPP won the majority in the III Assembly. Therefore, it is the CPP responsibility to take initiative to solve the deadlock. Saying all this, the AD should not let the III Assembly stayed idle. The III Assembly should meet and debate and expose each party proposal. Khmer people want to know what are really the CPP and the AD approach to solve the deadlock because Khmer People is sovereign. The III Assembly First Session should continue her work, debate publicly and broadcast live. Khmer people want to know Fact/Argument/Proposal of each political Party.

How to Break the Stalemate

So, it is correct to link the deal of the election of the power structure of the III Assembly with the election of the government and other parts of the Administration together. Hun Sen named this linkage as the “Vote Package”. Hun Sen proposal was: By an unique vote, the III Assembly would elect the III Assembly power structure and the government at the same time. The idea in itself is the linkage the two votes together. Kill two birds with one stone would be unconstitutional. The constitution oblige the vote be sequential: first, the vote of the power structure of the Assembly and second the election of the government.

The Hun Sen’ s Vote Package proposal was not really insurmountable. It is just a gimmick to deviate the international community attention. What is important is something else.

To break the actual stalemate, the CPP and the AD should achieve a deal on the five following fields.

The CPP won 60% of the III Assembly seats and the AD 40%. Therefore, it is reasonable to share the power about everything between the CPP and the AD accordingly to 60% and 40%. Because the National Police, the National Army, the National Education, the National Judiciary and the National Administration were all under CPP thumb, the sharing power should be done from scratch about everything accordingly to 60, 40.

The agreement should be achieved on the sharing power of: (1) the power structure of the III Assembly, (2) the appointment of the different ministries, (3) [Rebuild up from scratch] the Police and Army, (4) the appointment of all judges and (5) the appointment of all elementary school directors (Primary School and High School principals) and provincial and communal administrators.

The chanson “Khmer Euy Chaul Cham Cheak Tha Yeugn Cheat Khmera Thlab Tê Thkeugn …” authored by Samdech IV TUOT was no more authorized. If a singer sang that chanson, a secret police agent advised him/her not to sing it anymore. The school principal became CPP political commissar enforcer. Teacher who taught Khmer nationalist spirit to student would disappear silently.

The Stalemate Equation

The above negotiation would be extremely complex and needed patient and wise political leaders to cut the edges and smooth the compromise to the satisfaction of everybody.

Scientist stated: The calcium was the natural chemical element that strengthened the bone. If the calcium was taken away [destroyed], the bone would crumble. Using this parable, did the Stalemate that plunged Cambodia into hell during this last twenty years be reduced just to one and only one factor? If we can take away that factor, the difficulty would disappear, the foundation of bad cause would crumble and people would work together for Cambodia freedom and democracy?

The Khmer Rouge were all already dead or deadly weakened. The Khmer Rouge alive were the ones protected by Vietnam and appointed by Vietnam to squeeze and keep under thumb Khmer people.

The majority of Khmer people thought that if the Vietnamese factor was taken away, the CPP would crumble. Without the Vietnamese secret armed force, without the Vietnamese police, the CPP would fall. Without the Vietnamese support, the CPP would become a normal political party ready to cooperate to build Cambodia freedom and prosperity.

Without the Vietnamese occupation force, the CPP and their allies would cooperate with any democratic forces in such a way the other communist parties did in Central Europe and former Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the European ex-communist parties either became a normal partner with any other party or sank into oblivion.

We should attack head on LEGALLY the root of evil.

The breaking of the stalemate equate to the abolition of all treaties signed by HENG SAMRIN, the CPP chairman with the Republic Socialist of Vietnam, the treaties and Agreement of 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985.

The CPP should undo what the CPP had wrongly done to our motherland by signing these above quoted treaties and agreement with Vietnam.

One CPP delegation member at the meeting for the signature of the that ignominious treaty told me:

In application of the treaty of "Peace, Friendship and Coopération" of February 18, 1979, Cambodia should:
1. Authorize the immigration of the two hundred thousand soldier families who came to fight the Khmer Rouge (that is more than one million Vietnamese immigrant, in 1980).

2. Cambodia should distribute land to those two hundred soldier families.

3. Cambodia should house the Vietnamese occupation armed forces. Therefore, the CPP should confiscate all houses in the towns and cities and gave it to Vietnamese officers. By these trick, Vietnamese officers can sell those houses in gold to anyone and pocket for themselves the gold.

4. Cambodia should confiscate and collect all gold, all agricultural and industrial equipment (all machine shops, manufacturing plants) and power plant and all rice mill equipment and transport all to Vietnam.

5. Cambodia should pay the salaries of the Vietnamese occupation force since then until today.

6. Reform of the Education in order to present Vietnam as the Big Brother. Le Duc Tho ordered that Aspara dancer should wear a pant instead of the traditional Sampot. All Khmer artists started to boycott. Le Duc Tho order to suppress the Buddhist temples. Some army commander resisted to that order.

7. Tax. The Vietnamese officers ordered the CPP secret police to raise taxes from the Chinese people. 75% of the collected taxes went the Vietnamese officers pocket and the 25% for the CPP secret agent.

PEN SAVANN had led the resistance. He refused to sign the parts of the 1979 treaty that deemed to be against Cambodia interests. This caused the fall of PEN SAVANN and the rising of HUN SEN.

HUN SEN slew SAO PHIM, the commander of BOPEA zone (Eastern zone).

SAO PHIM the commander of BOPEA zone, HENG SAMRIN, PEN SAVANN, CHANSI, SAMAY agreed to topple the Khmer Rouge regime. Heng Samrin, Pen Savann, Chansi and Samay led the pro-Vietnamese faction and decided to ask Vietnam for military support.

SAO PHIM opposed the move. SAO PHIM said to that pro-Vietnamese faction: If you ask Vietnam to topple the Khmer Rouge, Cambodia would be enslaved by Vietnam forever. So, don’t do it.

SAO PHIM was a KHAEK KHMAO (Black Crow). KHAEK KHMAO had the military strength to fell the Khmer Rouge regime. Khmer Rouge regime was very unpopular and hatred by Khmer people. Khmer people, as it has been shown in her history, would rise even with bared hand to fell any regime, any occupation force that was so ignominious and so oppressive.

It was 1978. A month later, after the meeting, HUN SEN slew SAO PHIM, the commander of BOPEA zone.

In 1979, HUN SEN was just a platoon leader of bodyguard of HENG SAMRIN. Some months later he was appointed as the Head of Jail in Phnom Penh. Hun Sen killed almost all the Khmer Rouge leaders captured and sent by the Vietnamese to Hun Sen jail. Hun was not an army commander. He has no military knowledge. General Mol Roeup, Ke Kim Yan had more military education and experience than Hun Sen. Hun Sen had no military knowledge to command even a battalion.

Hun Sen killed more political opponents than any other CPP leaders. Two Khmer Rouge leaders had escaped from that Hun Sen jail and still lived clandestinely until today in Phnom Penh.

HUN SEN was a Vietnamese decision enforcer. He assassinated all political leaders on order of Vietnamese.

For the above reason, the only way to break the deadlock is the abolition of all treaties signed by the CPP with the Republic Socialist of Vietnam, notably the treaties and Agreement of 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985.

To abolish these ignominious treaties, it suffice that the Royal Government of Cambodia proclaim the abolition of the above quoted treaties publicly and sent it out to all international institutions.

Any CPP leader could be accepted by the AD as Prime Minister on only one condition that he signs the abolition of all the treaties and agreement of 79, 1982, 1983, 1985. That is the linkage that the AD should stick to elect the government and the III Assembly power structure.

If the King or the CPP leaders agreed to proclaim publicly and sign the annulations as King of Cambodia or as Royal Government of Cambodia the annulations of these treaties with the Republic Socialist of Vietnam (RSV), the King or the CPP leaders would render an inestimable lawful mean for the defense of the territorial integrity of Cambodia. It is so simple as act, but up until today, no Royal Government of Cambodia dared to act. Neither Ranariddh government, neither the King nor Hun Sen government had done in the past ten years.

Just do it, please.

Why should we abolish the treaties with the RSV of 1979, 1982, 1983 and 1985.
We should do it for the following reasons:

1. According to the Article 1 (b) and (d) of the Paris Peace Agreement Concerning the Sovereignty, Independence, Territorial Integrity and Inviolability, Neutrality and National Unity of Cambodia, on October 23, 1991.

To this ends, Cambodia undertakes: ….
(b) To refrain from entering into any military alliances or other military agreements with other States that would be inconsistent with its neutrality, without prejudice to Cambodia's right to acquire the necessary military equipment, arms, munitions and assistance to enable it to exercise its inherent right of self-defence and to maintain law and order; and

(d) To terminate treaties and agreements that are incompatible with its sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality, and national unity;

All these quoted treaties were titled (disguised) as political and cultural treaties between Cambodia and RSV, but in reality, they were all military pacts. The military pact was unconstitutional, according to the Constitution 1993 and on the other hand contradictory with the above quoted article 1 (b) of the Paris Peace Agreement.

2. Cambodia lost one third of her land and territorial sea to the advantage of Vietnam.
3. Vietnam exploited all Cambodia resources to the benefit of Vietnam.

Please see CFC of Sean Pengse and Steven R. Ratner - author. Journal Title: American Journal of International Law. Volume: 87. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 1993. Page Number: 35. Thank so much to KP (Gofordemocracy) for sending us that precious document.

Steven R. Ratner noted: < After the Vietnamese takeover in 1979, the PRK and Vietnam concluded a Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation, which, while conceivably on its face does not deviate from neutrality, is tantamount to a military alliance. Similarly, the two governments signed a treaty delimitating their disputed land frontier in a manner favorable to Vietnam, which may impair Cambodia territorial integrity and inviolability. Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, both of these treaties should be deemed null and void ab initio, as procured by the threat or use of force in response to the Vietnamese invasion. Although the Agreement may require Cambodia to terminate these treaties and perhaps additional agreements with Vietnam and former Soviet-bloc states Cambodia need not renounce all types of political cooperation, for example future membership in ASEAN. The ban on foreign forces, requiring Cambodia to ensure the removal of any remaining Vietnamese troops and advisers, underlines a similar obligation in the Comprehensive Settlement Agreement. >

Conclusion

In conformity with the Paris Peace Agreement III, Article 1 (d), Cambodia should abolish all these treaties signed by the RPK (CPP) with the RSV of 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985.

Without doubt, the breaking of the deadlock equate the abolition of all Treaties signed by the CPP with the Republic Socialist of Vietnam of 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985.

Without doubt, the abolition of theses treaties would weaken deadly the CPP. Either the CPP would become a normal party as any other one, FUNCIPEC or SRP or would sink into oblivion.

Without doubt, the abolition of theses treaties with Vietnam would render Cambodia its normalcy, a country like any other democratic one in the world.
Baphuon - (Update Jan-Fev2005)